Oral cancer is a serious concern, with approximately 100 new cases diagnosed daily and someone losing their life to it every hour. Its mortality rate is significantly higher than many other forms of cancer, largely due to a lack of awareness about its causes and symptoms. Let’s discuss some key information everyone should know about oral cancer.
Men over the age of 50 are at the highest risk of developing oral cancer, though other factors also contribute to its development. Smoking, for example, greatly increases the risk, with smokers being up to six times more prone to develop this type of cancer compared to non-smokers. If you smoke, it’s crucial to quit as soon as possible to lower your risk.
Alcohol consumption also plays a critical role. Drinking three to four alcoholic beverages daily significantly increases the likelihood of oral cancer, especially for people who also smoke. In fact, 75% of oral cancer cases are linked to individuals who consume both tobacco and alcohol.
Tobacco in forms other than smoking, such as chewing tobacco or using snuff, is equally harmful. People who use such products have 50% higher chances of developing oral cancer and other related diseases. Avoiding all forms of tobacco is key to reducing these risks.
Certain medical conditions can also heighten the risk. For instance, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which can occur after a stem-cell transplant, increases the likelihood of oral cancer. This condition can lead to immune reactions that damage the patient’s own cells and raise the risk of developing cancer as early as two years after the onset of GVHD.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is another significant risk factor. While HPV is known for causing warts, some of its 200 associated viruses can lead to cancer, including oral cancer. HPV-related oral cancers are less common in smokers and drinkers, and these infections often don’t show symptoms. However, in rare cases, they can progress to malignancy.
Fanconi anaemia, a hereditary blood disorder, is another condition linked to oral cancer. People with this disorder may experience anaemia early in life and are up to 500 times more likely to develop oral cancer compared to the general population.
The good news is that oral cancer is treatable if detected early, when the tumour is small and hasn’t spread. This is why it’s essential to see a dental professional promptly if you notice any concerning symptoms or engage in habits that might increase your risk. If you smoke, chew tobacco, or drink alcohol regularly, make it a priority to get checked before it’s too late.
Some warning signs of oral cancer include unexplained sores, lumps, or patches in your mouth, difficulty swallowing, or persistent pain. Scheduling regular monthly dental checkups is a great way to ensure early detection. Taking charge of your oral health from the start can prevent severe complications, including tooth loss, which might require costly treatments like dental implants.
By being proactive and addressing any habits or conditions that affect your oral health, you can reduce your risk of oral cancer and maintain a healthy smile for years to come.